Non-noble metal-catalyzed cross-dehydrogenation coupling (CDC) involving ether α-C(sp³)–H to construct C–C bonds

• Hui Yu and
• Feng Xu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1259–1288, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.94

• Negishi reaction (Zn) [1], Stille reaction (Sn) [2], Kumada reaction (Mg) [3], and Suzuki reaction (Pd) [4] (Scheme 1a). However, these coupling reactions involve a metal exchange step that generates a considerable amount of reaction waste, such as metal salts, which are not environmentally friendly. To

Controlled synthesis of poly(3-hexylthiophene) in continuous flow

• Helga Seyler,
• Jegadesan Subbiah,
• David J. Jones,
• Andrew B. Holmes and
• Wallace W. H. Wong

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 1492–1500, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.170

• affect the polymerization in batch reactions despite the possibility that the aryl chloride solvent might participate in the Kumada reaction. Apparently, the reactivity of aryl chloride is significantly lower than that of aryl bromide under these reaction conditions. With the catalytic activity of Ni

From discovery to production: Scale- out of continuous flow meso reactors

• Peter Styring and
• Ana I. R. Parracho

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2009, 5, No. 29, doi:10.3762/bjoc.5.29

• a full analysis. By replication of the single reactor in parallel, the same chemistry can be achieved on a larger scale, on a small footprint and without the mass and heat transport limitations of reactor scale-out in batch. Keywords: catalysis; continuous flow; Kumada reaction; parallel; scale-out

• vessel 1. The reaction studied was the Kumada reaction [11][12] which involves the coupling of an aryl halide and a Grignard reagent, in this case 4-bromoanisole and phenylmagnesium chloride, to produce 4-methoxybiphenyl (4-MeOBP, R-Ar). It was also observed that anisole, 4′,4-dimethoxybyphenyl (4,4′-di

• Styring et al. [13] has described the use of a salenac nickel complex immobilised on a polymer support for the Kumada reaction in pressure driven mini flow reactor. In further studies [6][7][8], a similar nickel resin catalyst [6] and a silica supported nickel catalyst were used [7][8]. The Kumada